A recent study by Chinese scientists has revealed the intricate molecular machinery driving energy exchange within ...

Real-time dynamics of protein translocation across bacterial membrane using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). This visualization reveals how the SecYEG-SecA complex facilitates protein ...

The chloroplasts of plants and algae are descended from free-living cyanobacteria, and they retain many features inherited from their cyanobacterial past, including thylakoid membranes, the ...

Photosynthetic reactions in chloroplasts convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into starch and soluble sugars during the day. Starch, a transient storage form of sugar, is broken down into sugars as a ...