Using simple components such as oil, salt water, lipids and proteins, plus routine genetic engineering techniques, it is possible to create simple nanofluidic circuits.

If you have a Zener diode (ZD) of unknown characteristics or if you want to use reverse-biased transistor junctions as ZD, the zener voltage and performance can be tested with this simple circuit.

A simple Zener-diode stabilization network circuit using D2 supplies a voltage of 100 V dc. The value of R1 depends on the source voltage and must be calculated with the equation, R1 = (V ac −s ...

The circuit is simple enough: it uses a capacitor, a resistor, and a pair of diodes (one of them a zener diode). He uses this basic circuit to drive simple regulators with input and output filter ...

Driving laser diodes, however, requires a greater degree of care than when dealing with LEDs, for example. Laser diodes are more sensitive, particularly with regard to spikes and the effect of ESD. A ...