Roofers and other jobs requiring physical labor are least vulnerable to AI impact, according to a study from Microsoft. (Photo by Zohair Mirza on

A college degree used to offer some protection against job disruption. But in today's AI-driven world, that line of defense is starting to crumble. A new report from Microsoft identifies 40 jobs most vulnerable to replacement or reshaping by generative AI.

As you can see, most of the jobs here are so-called “knowledge economy” jobs—careers that involve learning about, analyzing, and communicating specialized information. On the other hand, the jobs that don’t have much AI applicability are decidedly more blue-collar. They are as follows: