Chemical graph theory provides a rigorous framework for representing molecular structures as graphs, where vertices denote atoms and edges represent bonds. This mathematical abstraction facilitates ...

The aim of this paper is to introduce a topological model of fractals. Self similar fractals will be approached as inverse limit of finite one dimensional topological spaces with alpha continuous ...

This paper deals with the relationship between the periodic orbits of continuous maps on graphs and the topological entropy of the map. We show that the topological entropy of a graph map can be ...

Chiral skyrmions are a special type of spin textures in magnetic materials with asymmetric exchange interactions. They can be treated as quasi-particles and carry integer topological charges.