"Elsewhere on Mars, rocks like these are probably some of the most important outcrops we've seen from orbit because they are just so hard to form," Horgan said. "You need so much water that we think ...

Earth’s climate is not only shaped by smokestacks, forests, and oceans. It is also quietly tuned by the slow choreography of the planets, with Mars acting as a distant partner that nudges our world’s ...

Whenever humans arrive on Mars, they're going to find it a difficult place to exist. Mars is cold, with an average surface temperature of -55°C; temperatures can plunge to -125°C with dust storms ...

Mars' north pole contains a large ice cap made up of many layers of frozen water. Like ice cores on Earth, those layers offer a tantalizing record of climate on Mars over the past several million ...