Quantum phases of matter are very often complex and require mathematical ingenuity to clarify the nature of emergent phenomena. One famous example is the bound states of kinks that appear as gapped ...

At 2 a.m., on 5 February 1980, a German scientist watching the trace on his X–Y recorder at the high magnetic field lab in Grenoble, France noticed something in his data that made him pause. The ...

In one sentence: The spin Hall effect is a phenomenon in which an ordinary electric current flowing through a non-magnetic conductor with strong spin-orbit coupling creates a sideways spin current, ...