Most of us know about the “fight or flight” response, the body’s built-in survival instinct. But that framework leaves out two other common ways the nervous system reacts to stress. Indeed, ...

We all react to stress in deeply ingrained ways — fight, flight, freeze, or fawn — shaped by our nervous system, early life experiences, and even the environments we choose to navigate. These ...

Stressful situations trigger a cascade of physiological reactions in our bodies, often described as the fight, flight, or freeze responses. These responses are deeply rooted in our biology and are ...

An eye-opening, new serotonin-based study (Seo et al., 2019) on mice was published today in the Feb. 1 issue of Science. These findings shed light on surprising ways serotonin may help the brain ...

Similar to stress, when we feel fearful, the amygdala activates the HPA axis, releasing cortisol, epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine, and acetylcholine. These hormones stimulate our nervous ...