AIM: This literature review evaluates the influence of vitamin D on external apical root resorption (EARR), orthodontic tooth movement rate, and associated complications, with consideration of ...

Evidence suggests that orthodontic treatment increased the incidence and severity of apical root resorption. Tooth length and root volume were reduced after orthodontic intervention, but these changes ...

However, root resorption occurs 3-dimensionally, and 2D images cannot detect root resorption on lingual or buccal surfaces nor measure the volume of root loss. Therefore, quantification of treatment ...