In summary, sun kinks and pull-aparts are track failure modes associated with thermal forces that can develop in rail: axial compression and axial tension forces, respectively. The risk of these ...

Pasta platforms, egg-citing supports, and curious cups! Dr. Rob and the Crew “build” an understanding of the science of Structural Forces, including compression, shear, tension, and torsion ...

Conversely, notice that the greatest amount of lengthening is along the very bottom of the beam. The least amount of compression and tension would be immediately above and below the neutral axis.

Holland's rail welding solutions such as the Puller Lite and Intelliweld help networks manage thermal forces and maintain track safety.