Indeed, chloroplasts resemble modern cyanobacteria, which remain similar to the cyanobacteria of 3 million years ago. However, the evolution of photosynthesis goes back even further, to the ...

The cross-section of a leaf reveals its complex structure ... palisade cells at the upper side are packed with chloroplasts to maximise photosynthesis. On the lower half of the leaf are spongy ...

The precise structure sheds fresh light on ... and oxygen through this intricate mechanism. In the chloroplasts, the central ...